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Distinct mononuclear diploid cardiac subpopulation with minimal cell–cell communications persists in

《医学前沿（英文）》页码 939-956 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0987-9

摘要： A small proportion of mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes (MNDCMs), with regeneration potential, could persist in adult mammalian heart. However, the heterogeneity of MNDCMs and changes during development remains to be illuminated. To this end, 12 645 cardiac cells were generated from embryonic day 17.5 and postnatal days 2 and 8 mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Three cardiac developmental paths were identified: two switching to cardiomyocytes (CM) maturation with close CM–fibroblast (FB) communications and one maintaining MNDCM status with least CM–FB communications. Proliferative MNDCMs having interactions with macrophages and non-proliferative MNDCMs (non-pMNDCMs) with minimal cell–cell communications were identified in the third path. The non-pMNDCMs possessed distinct properties: the lowest mitochondrial metabolisms, the highest glycolysis, and high expression of Myl4 and Tnni1. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining further proved that the Myl4⁺Tnni1⁺ MNDCMs persisted in embryonic and adult hearts. These MNDCMs were mapped to the heart by integrating the spatial and single-cell transcriptomic data. In conclusion, a novel non-pMNDCM subpopulation with minimal cell–cell communications was unveiled, highlighting the importance of microenvironment contribution to CM fate during maturation. These findings could improve the understanding of MNDCM heterogeneity and cardiac development, thus providing new clues for approaches to effective cardiac regeneration.

关键词： mononuclear diploid cardiomyocytes cell–cell communication cardiac fibroblast single-cell RNA sequencing cardiac regeneration

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MAS-based production scheduling system for manufacturing cell-based workshop

CHU Hong-yan, CAO Quan-jun, FEI Ren-yuan

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第4期页码 375-380 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0043-x

摘要： The task of production scheduling is to determine the detailed machining path, time, machine tool, etc., for every work piece, according to the production objective and constraints. It is also an important part of the manufacturing system. In this paper, the manufacturing cell-based workshop is described and its scheduling system structure is established based on MAS (multi-agent system) technology. Through the negotiation and communication of each agent, the machining path is determined and the machining sequence and start time are calculated by GA (genetics algorithm). The communication among agents uses the CORBA (common object request broker architecture) technology of the OMG (Object Management Group). The CORBA-based architecture of the communication is designed and some interfaces for the communication are listed. For the genetics algorithm, chromosome coding, fitness function, parameters selection, and the basic genetics operation including selection, crossover and aberrance, are described. The scheduling system also can deal with some abnormal conditions, such as machine tool failure and urgent tasks. Finally, two scheduling examples are given.

关键词： negotiation selection multi-agent communication abnormal

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Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review

Rui Li,Xuefei Lv,Xingjian Zhang,Omer Saeed,Yulin Deng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第1期页码 90-98 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1550-2

摘要： Microfluidic chip has been applied in various biological fields owing to its low-consumption of reagents, high throughput, fluidic controllability and integrity. The well-designed microscale intermediary is also ideal for the study of cell biology. Particularly, microfluidic chip is helpful for better understanding cell-cell interactions. A general survey of recent publications would help to generalize the designs of the co-culture chips with different features. With ingenious and combinational utilization, the chips facilitate the implementation of some special co-culture models that are highly concerned in a different spatial and temporal way.

关键词： microfluidic chip co-culture cell-cell interactions review

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Deubiquitinases as pivotal regulators of T cell functions

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 451-462 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0651-y

摘要：

T cells efficiently respond to foreign antigens to mediate immune responses against infections but are tolerant to self-tissues. Defect in T cell activation is associated with severe immune deficiencies, whereas aberrant T cell activation contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. An emerging mechanism that regulates T cell activation and tolerance is ubiquitination, a reversible process of protein modification that is counter-regulated by ubiquitinating enzymes and deubiquitinases (DUBs). DUBs are isopeptidases that cleave polyubiquitin chains and remove ubiquitin from target proteins, thereby controlling the magnitude and duration of ubiquitin signaling. It is now well recognized that DUBs are crucial regulators of T cell responses and serve as potential therapeutic targets for manipulating immune responses in the treatment of immunological disorders and cancer. This review will discuss the recent progresses regarding the functions of DUBs in T cells.

关键词： deubiquitinase ubiquitination T cell activation T cell differentiation T cell tolerance

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Cell surface protein engineering for high-performance whole-cell catalysts

Hajime Nakatani,Katsutoshi Hori

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 46-57 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1609-3

摘要： Cell surface protein engineering facilitated by accumulation of information on genome and protein structure involves heterologous production and modification of cell surface proteins using genetic engineering, and is important for the development of high-performance whole-cell catalysts. In this field, cell surface display is a major technology by exposing target proteins, such as enzymes, on the cell surface using a carrier protein. The target proteins are fused to the carrier proteins that transport and tether them to the cell surface, as well as to a secretion signal. This paper reviews cell surface display systems for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the perspective of carrier proteins, which determine the number of displayed molecules, and the localization, size, and direction ( or terminal anchoring) of the passengers. We also discuss advanced methods for displaying multiple enzymes and a new method for the immobilization of whole-cell catalysts using adhesive surface proteins.

关键词： cell surface engineering surface display whole-cell catalysts bioprocess

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Stem cell niches and endogenous electric fields in tissue repair

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 40-44 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0108-z

摘要：

Adult stem cells are responsible for homeostasis and repair of many tissues. Endogenous adult stem cells reside in certain regions of organs, known as the stem cell niche, which is recognized to have an important role in regulating tissue maintenance and repair. In wound healing and tissue repair, stem cells are mobilized and recruited to the site of wound, and participate in the repair process. Many regulatory factors are involved in the stem cell-based repair process, including stem cell niches and endogenous wound electric fields, which are present at wound tissues and proved to be important in guiding wound healing. Here we briefly review the role of stem cell niches and endogenous electric fields in tissue repair, and hypothesize that endogenous electric fields become part of stem cell niche in the wound site.

关键词： stem cell stem cell niche electric field tissue repair

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CAR T-cell immunotherapy: a powerful weapon for fighting hematological B-cell malignancies

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 783-804 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0904-z

摘要： The current standard of care in hematological malignancies has brought considerable clinical benefits to patients. However, important bottlenecks still limit optimal achievements following a current medical practice. The genetic complexity of the diseases and the heterogeneity of tumor clones cause difficulty in ensuring long-term efficacy of conventional treatments for most hematological disorders. Consequently, new treatment strategies are necessary to improve clinical outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) immunotherapy opens a new path for targeted therapy of hematological malignancies. In this review, through a representative case study, we summarize the current experience of CAR T-cell therapy, the management of common side effects, the causative mechanisms of therapy resistance, and new strategies to improve the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy.

关键词： CAR T cells hematological malignancies review

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Aldolase B attenuates clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by inhibiting CtBP2

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 503-517 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0947-9

摘要： Aldolase B (ALDOB), a glycolytic enzyme, is uniformly depleted in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues. We previously showed that ALDOB inhibited proliferation through a mechanism independent of its enzymatic activity in ccRCC, but the mechanism was not unequivocally identified. We showed that the corepressor C-terminal-binding protein 2 (CtBP2) is a novel ALDOB-interacting protein in ccRCC. The CtBP2-to-ALDOB expression ratio in clinical samples was correlated with the expression of CtBP2 target genes and was associated with shorter survival. ALDOB inhibited CtBP2-mediated repression of multiple cell cycle inhibitor, proapoptotic, and epithelial marker genes. Furthermore, ALDOB overexpression decreased the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells in an ALDOB-CtBP2 interaction-dependent manner. Mechanistically, our findings showed that ALDOB recruited acireductone dioxygenase 1, which catalyzes the synthesis of an endogenous inhibitor of CtBP2, 4-methylthio 2-oxobutyric acid. ALDOB functions as a scaffold to bring acireductone dioxygenase and CtBP2 in close proximity to potentiate acireductone dioxygenase-mediated inhibition of CtBP2, and this scaffolding effect was independent of ALDOB enzymatic activity. Moreover, increased ALDOB expression inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model and decreased lung metastasis in vivo. Our findings reveal that ALDOB is a negative regulator of CtBP2 and inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in ccRCC.

关键词： ALDOB kidney cancer cell proliferation

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The unregulated commercialization of stem cell treatments: a global perspective

Douglas Sipp

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 348-355 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0150-x

摘要： Research into the biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells has spurred strong public investment, industry development, media coverage, and patient interest in recent years. To date, however, few clinical applications of demonstrated safety and efficacy have been developed with the exception of uses of hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of diseases of the blood and immune systems. This lack of an evidence basis notwithstanding, hundreds of companies and private clinics around the world now sell putative stem cell treatments for an enormously broad range of medical and quality-of-life conditions. This represents a major challenge for legitimate scientists working in the field, for authorities seeking to protect their constituencies, and for patients and consumers targeted by such companies’ marketing strategies. In this review, I provide an overview of the global industry in pseudomedical stem cell treatments, with an investigation of claims in a single disease area (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and make recommendations for the introduction and enforcement of appropriate regulatory responses to this problem.

关键词： stem cell tourism medical ethics stem cell policy and regulation alternative medicine

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Fine-tuning cell organelle dynamics during mitosis by small GTPases

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 339-357 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0926-1

摘要： During mitosis, the allocation of genetic material concurs with organelle transformation and distribution. The coordination of genetic material inheritance with organelle dynamics directs accurate mitotic progression, cell fate determination, and organismal homeostasis. Small GTPases belonging to the Ras superfamily regulate various cell organelles during division. Being the key regulators of membrane dynamics, the dysregulation of small GTPases is widely associated with cell organelle disruption in neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. Recent discoveries shed light on the molecular properties of small GTPases as sophisticated modulators of a remarkably complex and perfect adaptors for rapid structure reformation. This review collects current knowledge on small GTPases in the regulation of cell organelles during mitosis and highlights the mediator role of small GTPase in transducing cell cycle signaling to organelle dynamics during mitosis.

关键词： small GTPase cell organelle mitosis

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A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 325-338 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0618-y

摘要： Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is the most promising among the various types of fuel cells. Though it has found its applications in numerous fields, the cost and durability are key barriers impeding the commercialization of PEM fuel cell stack. The crucial and expensive component involved in it is the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and its degradation, which limits the performance and life of the fuel cell stack. A critical analysis and comprehensive understanding of the structural and functional properties of various materials involved in the GDE can help us to address the related durability and cost issues. This paper reviews the key GDE components, and in specific, the root causes influencing the durability. It also envisages the role of novel materials and provides a critical recommendation to improve the GDE durability.

关键词： PEM fuel cell gas diffusion electrode(GDE) gas diffusion layer(GDL) membrane electrode assembly durability fuel cell catalyst

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Highlights of mainstream solar cell efficiencies in 2021

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 1-8 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0816-x

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A hybrid fuel cell for water purification and simultaneously electricity generation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1611-6

摘要：

● A novel hybrid fuel cell (F-HFC) was fabricated.

关键词： Flow-through field Hybrid fuel cell Polyoxometalates Water purification Electricity generation

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Highlights of mainstream solar cell efficiencies in 2022

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 9-15 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0871-y

摘要： Highlights of mainstream solar cell efficiencies in 2022

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Discovery of small molecule degraders for modulating cell cycle

《医学前沿（英文）》页码 823-854 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1027-5

摘要： The cell cycle is a complex process that involves DNA replication, protein expression, and cell division. Dysregulation of the cell cycle is associated with various diseases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their corresponding cyclins are major proteins that regulate the cell cycle. In contrast to inhibition, a new approach called proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues can eliminate both enzymatic and scaffold functions of CDKs and cyclins, achieving targeted degradation. The field of PROTACs and molecular glues has developed rapidly in recent years. In this article, we aim to summarize the latest developments of CDKs and cyclin protein degraders. The selectivity, application, validation and the current state of each CDK degrader will be overviewed. Additionally, possible methods are discussed for the development of degraders for CDK members that still lack them. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in CDK and cyclin protein degraders, which will be helpful for researchers working on this topic.

关键词： PROTAC molecular glue degrader cell cycle CDK cyclin